Multiple cylinder fluid motor or compressor of the radial piston type



Feb. 10, 1948. SHARK) 2,435,611

MULTIPLE CYLINDER FLUID MOTOR ORCOMPRESSOR OF THE RADIAL PISTON TYPE Filed July 9, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 10 [3 ml Z6 42 FL l 1 3T l H 7 [i k 73 L 14 40 1 x4 50 4 r a": 74 Z5 20 H! 14 49 III. 40

' INVENTOR Feb. 10, 1948. SEJARTQ 2,435,611

MULTIPLE CYLINDER FLUID MOTOR 0R COMPRESSOR OF THE RADIAL PISTON TYPE Filed July 9, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Feb. 10, 1948. L, SEJARTO 2,435,611

MULTIPLE CYLINDER FLUID MOTOR OR COMPRESSOR OF THE RADIAL PI STON TYPE Filed July 9, 1945 4 Sfieets-Sheet 3 g9 14- Z 31 25' Z1 33/ INVENTOR ii 1 m.- M

Feb. 10, 1948. L. SEJARTO I Y 2,435,611

MULTIPLE CYLINDER FLUID MOTOR 0R COMPRESSOR OF THE RADIAL PISTON TYPE Filed July 9, 1943 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Patented Feb. 10, 1948 I .13-; 9

MULTIPLE CYLINDER FLUID Moron on COMPRESSOR, on THE RADIAL PISTON TYPE Lester s ejar to Richmond Hill, N. Y.

Application July 9, 1943, Serial No. 493,980

This invention relates to motors of thepressure fluid actuated type and fluid compressors. An object of the invention is to provide a compact and practical fluid motor structure suitable for support on the movable Work head of a machine tool for transmitting power directly thereto. An-

other object of the invention is to provide a motor. or compressor structure in which a plurality of cylinders and pistons are radially disposed in a common plane with a rotary valve operatively interposed internally between the plane in which the pistons operate andthe intake and exhaust ports of the motor or compressor,

for the transmission of power to drive a machine tool at variable'rates' of speed and where, for.

lack of space, it is not practical to employ belting or gears to obtain variations in the speed of the tool.

An advantageous feature of the invention resides in a motor constructed to be mounted onthe head of an ordinary milling machine invertical alignment therewith, and adapted to be directly supplied with the output of a remote compressor, preferably of like design, driven from a source of energy such as an electric" motor, and

so that the pneumatic motor will be resiliently responsive to changes in the power increment and decrement of such source of energy. -The motor of this invention is especially advantagev ous for use'as a driving means for metal working machinery, and being compact. renders the machine tool head more readily adaptable to types of work where internal operations are to be performed and during which the head of th machine requires to be manipulated.

The flower power is controlled automatically and instantly by the building up of fluid pressure such as air in the motor when the work load is applied to a tool driven thereby, and by the diminishing of said air pressure when such load is relieved, there being no pressure fluid storage reservoir other than the conduit connecting the motor and compressor.

Other features and advantages of the inven- I tion will be, hereinafter describedzand claimed.

eolai s, (o1. 121- 121 ,The invention will be more fully understood byv reference to the drawings forming a part of thisspecification, and in which drawings,

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a pneumatic motor em 5 bodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation ofthe sameshowing in dot and dash lines a portion, of a flexible air conduit applied to the inlet port of the motor.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the-pis-L tons of the motor indicated by the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a similar section taken on the line 55. r

6f Fig. 3. 1 i

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectionpartly in elevation, showing a portion of Fig. 3 with the pistons and rotary valve in arpreceding position of 90 degrees to that shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. 2031) Fig. 7 is ahorizontal section on the line Ifof Fig. 6. V

Fig. 8 is an'elevation partly in section, of the rotary valve of the motor looking in the direction of the arrow 8 ,of Fig. 5. 1 Fig. 9 is a plan view of the rotary valve shown inFig.3. j-

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to Fig. 3, the motor. l0 consistsof a'sup. I porting sleeve ll within which Lthere is jour "naled at I2 one endof a shaft l3.n. Cylinder. blocks I4, radially disposed outwardly from sleeve II and integral therewith, are bored to receive Above. the group f horizontally and radially disposed cylinders is a vertically mounted inter- 'mediate member 20 the lower end 2| of which is fitted snugly within a cylindrical opening 22 formed in the body' l4 uniting said cylinder blocks,-and secured thereto by bolts 23 passing through an annular flange 24 forming a part of member 20. Above member 20 there is a head member 24 secured by bolts 25. Member 24 is I provided with an upper terminal stem 26.

Each cylinder block I4 is provided with-a port 2 therethrough. A central cylindrical crank case chamber 43 houses the crank disk I9. A rotary. valve 29, which serves as a distributor or distributing valve for" the motor, is mounted above'the plane of the piston and'cylinder assem blyp. It -consists of a. hollow cylindrical member 3|, and an upwardly extending stem member 32, secured together in any suitable manner so long as a chamber 33' exists therebetween. These parts are shown herein as secured by a flange 32' overlying member 3|, and a boss 33 fitted tightly in said member. Member 3| has a boss 34 rising from its bottom wall into chamber 33, and which is bored eccentrically at "'35tto receive the upper extremity or'the stud l8. Rotary valve 29 is journaled in bearings 36 and 31 mounted in a spacing sleeve 38 tightl fitted in" a central opening through member=20. When the crank disk 19 is rotated by the pistons lBiin; a manner hereinafter described, the stud l8 will rotate the valve 29.

The outer end of each cylinder block is sealed by a cap 40 secured to it by boltsx42iiand-h'aving a slot 40' formed on its inner face toprovidee a passageway between the respective outer ends of the cylinders l and ports 21. the lower end 2| ot-member 20are-in-registration with the :ports 21, and in conjunction therewith serve forboth -the admission of apressurefiuid,'such as air to, and the exhaust ofthe-same from the outer end of cylinders-I5-=durin -the' rotation of the valve 29.

Member 20 has a cylindrical chamber 44 at its upperend, and the lower end- 2| is -hollow and cylindrical: closely embracing and surrounding Ports 28 through member 3| of the valve 29, and providing for clearanceabove thetop of the flange 32' to form a cylindrical-chamber '45} Ports 46connect the chambers 44 and 45. Stem member 32 has a central longitudinal passageway 41 'therethrough; and head member 24 has a port 41', whichafi'ord communication" vertically. between chamber 33 and. an. exhaust port 48 :in a cylindrical reversi-ng' valvelcore 49 adapted to beoscillated by'a handle-- 50 in a circularopening 52 extending transversely through the =upper. end= of head member '24 ad jacent the terminal stem 26 thereof. Port 48 leads into .a port :53 rpassingothr-ough valve core 49 to-atmospher.e,.

An arcuate port 54 extends partially-aroundport 53,- and has. outlets 55; 56 and 51 'spaced apart 90 degrees along the circumference of valve core 49.; St'em:26ihas anopening 58'therethrough leading'to' the -circular opening 52, and member 24- has aport 59 :leadingfrom the chamber 44 to thesaid circularzopening at appoint 90 degrees from the rintersectionsof sport 58 with said opening 52.

The i rotary valvex29ifo timing the operation of thepistons I 6:is provided with diametrically opposed peripheral portions 60 which engage the inner wall of; the alower: end: 2 I ofrmember. 20; and operate to successively, open: and "closethe' correspondinglyopposed ports 28 duringthe rotationofthe valve '29.; Between the portions 60 member 3! is cutawaycircumferentially to pro-=- vide an arcuateopening 6| :which opens at the top into chamber :45; and withawhich it isalways connected. Directly opposite the-cutout portion: forming the opening 6 ll member, 3 It :isslotted: at 62 between portions 60,- v and through. to chamber 33-, and which is effective toiconnect ports 21-28: to passageway; 41 by-meansof-the chamber'33w commonly open to said zports and :passageway.

In the following. exemplary COIiSidBIfitiOIlgOf the operation of the apparatus describedpitjwill be understood that .air is referred to as the pres-,- sure fluid merely vby way: of. illustration, and-it will be apparent that the apparatus may ;be opera ated by usemof other pressure fluids.- normally; 75 i 4 resorted to in the functioning of a fluid motor or compressor.

It will now be apparent that when air under pressure enters port 58 it will pass through port 59 to chamber 44, and on to chamber 45 through ports 46. Assuming the motor parts to be in theposition shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, air from chamber 45 will enter opening 6| in valve'29, and since that opening is now'opposite one of the sets of ports 21-28 as shown in Fig, 5, the piston I 6 01 the corresponding cylinder shown in Fig. 4 vwill=be moved in the direction of the arrow 18; and stud-i8 will be rotated clockwise. Stud l8 will rotate valve '29 is a similar direction, and the next set of ports 21-28 in advance will be uncovered and'brought into registration with opening 6| so-that a corresponding piston will be actuated in the direction of the arrow 1| in Fig- 4. In the meantime the slot 62 now in registration with another one of the sets of ports 2128 will. provide for the 1 exhaust .in' front -of a corresponding piston :movingdn: the direction of, the arrow: 12.

It will thus be seen that air entering corbeing exhausted through ports .'21-;-28-.swil11 first :enter:

through .port 58-: and. finally; leave through; port 53, and will successively-operate the-:pistons to Should. :it the (16511136112110 reverse. 7'

drive shaft l3.- the direction of rotationr-ofshaft 43 :the reverse:

ing-valve lcore 49 may betmoved -aiquarterz turn;

clockwise -o.-by turning handle; 59-;= as;. viewed-5m:

Fig.2; away from-contactwith stop,.1 3 and against;

stop 14.. This willjchangeiport 148 :into. registrar,

tion. with port 59, outlets 55 and 51 of port 54=intop registration: respectively with ports 58': and. 41", the outlet 56 then'being closed by therwalls'rsuroutlet 55Iintoport .54 and thencethrough outlet 51 to passageway. 41" which becomes an inlet:-v

instead of an exhaust passagewayyas'heretoforem Shouldthe parts he in the position:,shown-.-in

Fig, 4," the direction .of ,the arrow. 12.vwould-be. reversed, and stud 18 .would be -.turned .oppositely;

or counter-clockwise.

It; will now be seen thataa' very compact motor; structure has been devised with efiective internal:

means for timing the operation of the pistons, and

in which the initial intake and iexhauste-portsh 0 58andf53 function continually as such, buttin which the-various air ports and passagewayswills be readily interchangeable to functions for. inlet or exhaust purposes .withla corresponding. change. in-the'dir'ection of rotation of the motor. Wand its shaft' I3.

It-will"thus be apparent" that "the invention" includes within itsscope a fluidactuated motor. or compressor involving 'aodrive sh'aftjada'pted to i beactuated 'by'the reciprocation of the radially.

positioned pistons in" their cylinders, when they r apparatus is functioning as a motor; and adapted to actuate-said pistons when the apparatus is operated as a compressor; The' rotary valve functions as a distributor position-ed "proximate to the cylinders, and providing inlet and discharge tioning 58.518, aconduit between r the body portion of saiddistributor, adjacent one-endof -th'estem;

and is. reversing: valve "is coordinated-- 1 with' the opposite end of the valve stem-. Effectively the" reversing valve may be in essentia'llysuperimposed positiomrelative-uto the said hollow: ivalveistem,

1 Supplementary to this valve stem conduit, another conduit extends between the reversing valve and the body portion of the distributor valve. The reversing valve expediently comprises a separate fluid inlet and an outlet for the motor, with separate conduit means respectively in communication with said inlet and said outlet. By rotating the reversing valve core 90, the inlet conduit is in communication with the hollow valve stem conduit, while the outlet conduit is in communication with the supplementary conduit extending between the reversing valve and the body portion of the distributor valve. Alternatively the said inlet conduit may be positioned in communication with said supplementary conduit, while the outlet conduit of the reversing valve is simultaneously brought into communication Withthe hollow valve stem conduit. All of the aforementioned means are compactly associated in a casing or housing.

Various modifications of the invention might be employed for corresponding adaptations to other useful purposes within the scope of the invention claimed. While the invention is described in accordance with a preferred structural embodiment, it is obviousthat changes and modifications may be made in the details of construction and in the combination and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of invention as defined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a fluid actuated motor comprising radial cylinders and pistons reciprocable therein, a central crank shaft, a stud secured eccentrically to the end of said shaft, a rotary valve, and a reversing valve, said rotary valve being journaled within said motor and engageable with said stud so as to be driven thereby, said rotary valve comprising a cylindrical body member and a cover member secured together and having a chamber therebetween, said cover member having a port therethrough opening into said chamber and leading to the reversing valve, and ports from said rotary valve for controlling the operation of said motor, said motor having an inlet port leading through the reversing valve to the exterior of the rotary valve, the circumferential outer surface of the rotary valve body member constituting a valve face provided with an opening extending partially around the same always in communication with said inlet port of the motor, and a diametrically opposite opening leading to said chamber, said motor having an exhaust port and the reversing valve being adapted to operate between the same and said inlet port, whereby said motor may be reversed by altering the position of said reversing valve relative to said ports.

2. A fluid actuated motor comprising radial cylinders and pistons reciprocable therein, a rotary distributor valve operatively associated with said pistons and actuated thereby, said distributor valve comprising a body portion and a hollow valve stem coordinated with said body portion and adapted for conducting fluid relative thereto, said cylinders having ports for fluid admission and exhaust, a reversing valve, and a housing enclosing the said designated means of the motor, said reversing valve being positioned in correlated association with the end of said hollow valve stem opposite the body portion of said distributor valve, another conduit within said housing extending between said reversing valve and the body portion of said distributor valve, said distributor valve providing inlet and discharge ports coordinated with said cylinder ports forconduc't-v ing high andlow pressure fluid to and from said cylinders.-

3. A fluid actuated motor or compressor comprising radial cylinders and pistons reciprocable therein, a distributor valve operatively associated with said pistons, said distributor valve comprising a body portion and a hollow valve stem coordinated with said body portion for conducting fluid relative thereto, said cylinders having ports for fluid admission and exhaust, a reversing valve, said reversingvalve being positioned in correlated association with the end of said hollow valve stem opposite the body portion of said distributor valve, another conduit extending between said reversing valve and the body portion of said distributor valve, said distributor valve providing inlet and discharge ports coordinated with said cylinder ports for conducting high and low pressure fluidfto and from said cylinders.

4. A fluid actuated motor comprisingv radial cylinders and pistons .reciprocable therein, a rotary distributor valve operatively associated with saidpistons and actuated thereby, said distributor valve comprising a body portion and a hollow valve stem coordinated with said body portion for conducting fluid relative thereto, said cylinders having ports for fluid admission and exhaust, a reversing valve having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for said motor and separate conduits in said reversing valve for said inlet and said outlet,

and a housing enclosing the said designated means of the motor, said reversing valve being positioned at the end of said hollow valve stem opposite to the said rotary distributing valve body portion, another conduit within said housing extending between said reversing valve and the body portion of said distributor valve, said reversing valve being adapted for alternatively positioning said inlet conduit in communication with said hollow stem conduit while said outlet conduit is in communication with said other fluid conduit and for positioning said inlet conduit in communication with said other fluid conduit while said outlet conduit is in communication with said valve stem conduit, said rotary distributor valve providing inlet and discharge ports coordinated with said cylinder ports for conducting high and low pressure fluid to and from said cylinders.

5. In a pressure fluid actuated motor or compressor, a drive shaft, a plurality of cylinders radially positioned relative to said drive shaft, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, means for operatively coordinating said shaft with said pistons for correlated actuation, a rotary distributing valve proximate to and coordinated with said cylinders and adapted for correlated movement with and actuation by said shaft, a reversing valve comprising a separate fluid inlet and outlet and separate conduit means in communication with said inlet and said outlet, said distributing valve having a body portion and a hollow stem providing a conduit between said body portion and the reversing valve, said valve body portion having inlet and discharge ports correlated with said cylinders, another conduit means substantially parallel to said valve stem providing communication between said reversing valve and the body portion of said distributing valve, said reversing valve being adapted for alternatively positioning said inlet conduit in communication with said hollow valve stem conduit while said outlet conduit is in communication with said shaft with said, pistons. forcorrelated actuation,

a rotary distributing vvalve proximatelto and. coordinated with'said cylinders and adapted for correlated movement with and actuation .by said shaft, a :reversingvalve comprising-a separate fluid inlet and outlet and separate conduit means in communication withsaid inlet andsaid outlet, said distributing valve having a body portion and a hollow stem providingfa conduit between said bodylportion and the reversingvalve, said valve bodyuportion having. inlet and discharge ports correlated with said cylinders, ahousing. for said cylinders, distributing valve'and reversing valve, anotherconduit means substantially parallel'to said valvetstem within said housing, providing communication between said reversing valve: and the body'portionof said distributing valve, said 8 reversing valve being: adapted for alternatively positioning: said: inlet :con d'u'it in communication with said housing. conduit while said outlet com duitis in communcati'on withsaid hollow valve stem sand-"tor positioning said inlet conduitincommunication with said hollow valve stem while said outletconduit is in communication with'said housing conduit,

- LESTER SEJA-RTO'.

REFERENCES CITED The following'referenc'es are of record in the {lie 'of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date' 199,978 Holub 'Feb'. 5, 1878 I 313,728 Hardy Mar. 10,1885 I 424,183 Dennis et a1 Mar. 25, 1890 633,192 Halsey Sept. 19,1899

729,313 Fenton May 26,1903 1,374,154 Mueller Apr. 5, 1921 1,388,464 Hautier Aug." 23, 1921 2,246,074 Joy June 17, 1941 2,304,903 Eppens Dec. 15, I942 

